A. Parasite infestation Honey Bees
Parasitic infestation of honey bee parasite Varroa jacobsoni is most serious for livestock honeybees worldwide. This disorder can lead to infestation of crop failure and destruction honey bee colonies.Varroa infestation was first discovered as a child parasitic bees in colonies of Apis cerana in Java in 1904. Symptoms of the new colony destruction seen after attack infestation Apis mellifera bees were imported from abroad.Female fleas suck the blood of larvae, pupae, and adult honey bees. Body weight of the infected bee Varroa shrunk from 6.3 to 25%. In severe attacks, honeybees have disabilities or stunted body. In the pupa, the infection results in weight loss by 10% and death.
Weakening bee colonies due to pests Varroa make the honey to be greatly reduced. Finally, can destroy beekeeping business.Adult female Varroa infestation reddish-brown, oval-shaped flat, has a length of 0.11 cm and 0.07 cm wide. Leads next eight legs like a crab and hidden under his body. Varroa infestation and young males are smaller whitish. Fleas are rarely seen, unless we're pupal cells.Varroa reproduction process occurs in the honeycomb cells. Drone pupa cell preferably of the Varroa bee worker cells. Female flea larvae enter the cells of bees around 15-20 hours before the cell is closed. The first time you log in to the base of the cell and immerse themselves into the larvae feed by simply letting the respiratory tract that resembles an open finger out. About four hours after the cells were closed, Varroa is free of pile of feed as larvae feeding activity. He began to suck the blood of puppies bees. Two days later, fleas begin laying eggs at intervals of every 24-30 hours. Eggs were first out will be females, the latter being manly.Varroa able to spawn as many as five points in the cell while the bee pupa. Only the first two eggs that could hatch into lice in the pupal cell of workers. If the cell is in the male pupa, five eggs that can develop into adults. It could even be found to thirteen fleas in the pupa of the male cells.Obtain eggs that hatch feed by sucking the blood of bee larvae and pupae. After shedding its skin, it's become adult lice infestation. Male ticks of 5-6 days for future growth, while the female louse takes 7-8 days.Only the female flea can get out of the cell along with the emergence of adult bees. Fleas are stuck between abdominal segments, so that he can suck on the blood of the membrane. Male ticks short-lived. He spent time in the cell. Mouth parts are turned into a tool for transferring sperm. As an adult fleas she could not eat.Spread through direct contact between the Varroa bee mite carrier and other bee colonies, or from other colonies. Antarlebah contacts in the colony is very intensive, so the process is very rapid spread of lice. Lice transfer from one colony to another colony of bees carrying mostly occurs due to infestation strayed into another colony, or there was a robbery feed colonies affected by Varroa colony to a healthy or otherwise. Predator bees and flowers feed bees can also act as an agent spreader Varroa mite, because fleas can survive in both. Such as migratory activities (grazing), nest exchange, and giving the queen also has a big hand in the spread of this infestation. In fact, even the possibility Apiari equipment can help spread because these fleas can live outside the body of the bee for 8-17 hours.Presence of Varroa mite attacks the honey bee can be identified by detecting lice die, worker bees detect, and detect cell pupa. Detect dead ticks can be done by putting a white paper under the nest box. Observe the dirt that falls on it carefully and regularly. If colonies of bees attacked, definitely found the Varroa mite is dead.Detecting worker bees can be done by taking a worker bee from the hive. Enter the bees into a glass enclosed, give ether to taste. Will cause the following Ehter Varroa bee anesthetized. Varroa bee will regardless of the victim. Ether is sprayed onto the glass will make the glasses damp, and fleas seen sticking so easily seen. Lebha sample in the glass was given ethanol. Following the existing bee lice will die. Lebh move into another glass, give water to cover. Shake vigorously in order to release it from the bee infestation. Take bees, observe water soaked separately see Varroa.Performed with cells detect pupa pupa uncapped cells. Take carefully larvae or pupae in it with pinser, then place it on top of the white paper. Observe Varroa attached to the larvae or pupae and inside the cell.Varroa mite control can be carried out in abundance and biological chemistry. Both can be done simultaneously or in an integrated manner. Chemically Pangendalian can use anti-Varroa medicine, for example Folbern VA, Thymol, Taktic, and Apistan.VA Folbex bromopropylate containing the active ingredient, available in strips. One strip is given into a box full of bees that nest. Proper drug administration pad afternoon, when all members of the colony was returned to the nest. Pit door closed for an hour after the strip is given.Thymol is given in the form of powder scattered on the basis of the nest box. Doses of 4500-6000 mg for one colony to use as many as three times. Administration in the evening.Taktic active ingredient Amitraz 12.5%. For a bee colony is 1 ml dose is dissolved in 10 liters of water. Solution is sprayed onto the bees, hive carcass, and wall boxes. For a bee colony, the solution is sprayed about 80 ml. Amitraz effectively shutting eggs. Do not spray directly into the nest containing eggs or larvae of bees many new ones coming out.Apistan active ingredient fluvalinate. This drug is packaged in strips. Use is the same as Folbex VA, one colony can be given 1-2 strips.Biological control is done by wiping the affected anakn nest. If it is done fairly heavy attacks. This nest is destroyed due to the Varroa bee puppies need to be able to breed. Destruction is going to kill a large number of ticks that are proliferating in the cell. Furthermore, the queen bee shut for 21-28 days, so that tiller production stopped, and so did not have a chance to produce Varroa.Biological control can also be done by making a nest consisting of male cells. It can be made with a specially printed nest foundation for the production of drones. Because more like larvae or pupae drones, these mites will choose it as a breeding ground. Once the cell is closed, the nest is taken to be destroyed.Another way is to trap nest. Queen made in order to spawn only in one frame hive queen by placing insulation on both sides of the trap nest. Varroa will be attracted to the nest because they have no other choice. Once the cell is closed, the nest is taken to be destroyed.
Parasitic infestation of honey bee parasite Varroa jacobsoni is most serious for livestock honeybees worldwide. This disorder can lead to infestation of crop failure and destruction honey bee colonies.Varroa infestation was first discovered as a child parasitic bees in colonies of Apis cerana in Java in 1904. Symptoms of the new colony destruction seen after attack infestation Apis mellifera bees were imported from abroad.Female fleas suck the blood of larvae, pupae, and adult honey bees. Body weight of the infected bee Varroa shrunk from 6.3 to 25%. In severe attacks, honeybees have disabilities or stunted body. In the pupa, the infection results in weight loss by 10% and death.
Weakening bee colonies due to pests Varroa make the honey to be greatly reduced. Finally, can destroy beekeeping business.Adult female Varroa infestation reddish-brown, oval-shaped flat, has a length of 0.11 cm and 0.07 cm wide. Leads next eight legs like a crab and hidden under his body. Varroa infestation and young males are smaller whitish. Fleas are rarely seen, unless we're pupal cells.Varroa reproduction process occurs in the honeycomb cells. Drone pupa cell preferably of the Varroa bee worker cells. Female flea larvae enter the cells of bees around 15-20 hours before the cell is closed. The first time you log in to the base of the cell and immerse themselves into the larvae feed by simply letting the respiratory tract that resembles an open finger out. About four hours after the cells were closed, Varroa is free of pile of feed as larvae feeding activity. He began to suck the blood of puppies bees. Two days later, fleas begin laying eggs at intervals of every 24-30 hours. Eggs were first out will be females, the latter being manly.Varroa able to spawn as many as five points in the cell while the bee pupa. Only the first two eggs that could hatch into lice in the pupal cell of workers. If the cell is in the male pupa, five eggs that can develop into adults. It could even be found to thirteen fleas in the pupa of the male cells.Obtain eggs that hatch feed by sucking the blood of bee larvae and pupae. After shedding its skin, it's become adult lice infestation. Male ticks of 5-6 days for future growth, while the female louse takes 7-8 days.Only the female flea can get out of the cell along with the emergence of adult bees. Fleas are stuck between abdominal segments, so that he can suck on the blood of the membrane. Male ticks short-lived. He spent time in the cell. Mouth parts are turned into a tool for transferring sperm. As an adult fleas she could not eat.Spread through direct contact between the Varroa bee mite carrier and other bee colonies, or from other colonies. Antarlebah contacts in the colony is very intensive, so the process is very rapid spread of lice. Lice transfer from one colony to another colony of bees carrying mostly occurs due to infestation strayed into another colony, or there was a robbery feed colonies affected by Varroa colony to a healthy or otherwise. Predator bees and flowers feed bees can also act as an agent spreader Varroa mite, because fleas can survive in both. Such as migratory activities (grazing), nest exchange, and giving the queen also has a big hand in the spread of this infestation. In fact, even the possibility Apiari equipment can help spread because these fleas can live outside the body of the bee for 8-17 hours.Presence of Varroa mite attacks the honey bee can be identified by detecting lice die, worker bees detect, and detect cell pupa. Detect dead ticks can be done by putting a white paper under the nest box. Observe the dirt that falls on it carefully and regularly. If colonies of bees attacked, definitely found the Varroa mite is dead.Detecting worker bees can be done by taking a worker bee from the hive. Enter the bees into a glass enclosed, give ether to taste. Will cause the following Ehter Varroa bee anesthetized. Varroa bee will regardless of the victim. Ether is sprayed onto the glass will make the glasses damp, and fleas seen sticking so easily seen. Lebha sample in the glass was given ethanol. Following the existing bee lice will die. Lebh move into another glass, give water to cover. Shake vigorously in order to release it from the bee infestation. Take bees, observe water soaked separately see Varroa.Performed with cells detect pupa pupa uncapped cells. Take carefully larvae or pupae in it with pinser, then place it on top of the white paper. Observe Varroa attached to the larvae or pupae and inside the cell.Varroa mite control can be carried out in abundance and biological chemistry. Both can be done simultaneously or in an integrated manner. Chemically Pangendalian can use anti-Varroa medicine, for example Folbern VA, Thymol, Taktic, and Apistan.VA Folbex bromopropylate containing the active ingredient, available in strips. One strip is given into a box full of bees that nest. Proper drug administration pad afternoon, when all members of the colony was returned to the nest. Pit door closed for an hour after the strip is given.Thymol is given in the form of powder scattered on the basis of the nest box. Doses of 4500-6000 mg for one colony to use as many as three times. Administration in the evening.Taktic active ingredient Amitraz 12.5%. For a bee colony is 1 ml dose is dissolved in 10 liters of water. Solution is sprayed onto the bees, hive carcass, and wall boxes. For a bee colony, the solution is sprayed about 80 ml. Amitraz effectively shutting eggs. Do not spray directly into the nest containing eggs or larvae of bees many new ones coming out.Apistan active ingredient fluvalinate. This drug is packaged in strips. Use is the same as Folbex VA, one colony can be given 1-2 strips.Biological control is done by wiping the affected anakn nest. If it is done fairly heavy attacks. This nest is destroyed due to the Varroa bee puppies need to be able to breed. Destruction is going to kill a large number of ticks that are proliferating in the cell. Furthermore, the queen bee shut for 21-28 days, so that tiller production stopped, and so did not have a chance to produce Varroa.Biological control can also be done by making a nest consisting of male cells. It can be made with a specially printed nest foundation for the production of drones. Because more like larvae or pupae drones, these mites will choose it as a breeding ground. Once the cell is closed, the nest is taken to be destroyed.Another way is to trap nest. Queen made in order to spawn only in one frame hive queen by placing insulation on both sides of the trap nest. Varroa will be attracted to the nest because they have no other choice. Once the cell is closed, the nest is taken to be destroyed.
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